Some new inequalities involving elementary mean values (Q1279958)

Without loss of generality let \(x_{1}\leq\ldots\leq x_{n}\) be real numbers (presumably \(x_{n}>x_{1}\)) and \(w_{1}, \dots ,w_{n}\) positive numbers with \(\sum w_{k}=1\) (all sums go from \(k=1\) to \(k=n\)); let furthermore \(f\) and \(g\) be twice continuously differentiable on \([x_{1},x_{n}].\) The author offers the existence of a \(\xi\in[x_{1},x_{n}]\) (maybe \(]x_{1},x_{n}[\) was meant at both places) such that \[ \frac{\sum w_{k}f(x_{k})-f(A)}{\sum w_{k}g(x_{k})-g(A)} = \frac{f''(\xi)}{g''(\xi)} \] if the denominator on the left is not 0. He derives from it, when \(x_{1}>0\) and \(p>r\), \(p>s\neq 0\), the inequalities \[ x_{1}^{r-p}\geq| p(p-s)| /| r(r-s)| \cdot| M_{r}^{r}-M_{s}^{r}| / | M_{p}^{p} -M_{s}^{p}| \geq x_{n}^{r-p}. \] Here \(M_{p}\) is the \(p\)-th root-mean power of \(x_1,\ldots,x_{n}\) with the weights \(w_{1},\ldots,w_{n}\) etc. The constant \(| p(p-s)| /| r(r-s)| \) is best in a sense.