Graded subalgebras of affine Kac-Moody algebras (Q1279978)

Let \(G\) be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over field \(F\) and \(L(G)= G\otimes_F F[t,t^{-1}\) its loop algebra which is \(\mathbb{Z}\)-graded. Two subalgebras \(M\) and \(N\) of \(L(G)\) are said to be commensurable if \(M\cap N\) has finite codimension in \(M\) and in \(N\). Note that \(L^\pm= G\otimes F[t^{\pm 1}]\) are two maximal graded subalgebras of \(L(G)\). For a positive integer \(k\), let \(G= \bigoplus_{i=0}^{k-1} G_i\) be a \((\mathbb{Z}/k\mathbb{Z})\)-gradation of \(G\). Let \(\alpha\) denote the \(k\)-tuple \((G_0, G_1,\dots, G_{k-1})\) and \(L(G,k,\alpha)= \bigoplus_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} G_{n\pmod k}\otimes t^n\). Let \(K= \{T\in \text{End }G\mid [T(x),y]= T([x,y])\) for \(x,y\in G\}\) denote the centroid of \(G\). The main result in this paper is the following theorem. For a maximal graded \(F\)-subalgebra \(M\) of \(L(G)\) one of the following hold: (1) \(M\) is commensurable with \(L^+\) or \(L^-\). (2) \(M= H\otimes F[t,t^{-1}]\), where \(H\) is a maximal subalgebra of \(G\). (3) For some \(\lambda\in K^*\) and a maximal subalgebra \(H\) of \(G\) satisfying \(K\cdot H=G\), \(M= \bigoplus_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} \lambda^n H\otimes t^n\). (4) \(M= L(G,p,\alpha)\) for some prime \(p\) and a \((\mathbb{Z}/ p\mathbb{Z})\)-grading \(\alpha\) of \(G\). This theorem also characterizes the maximal graded subalgebras of affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras which can be realized as one-dimensional central extensions of \(L(G)\).