Polynomial approximation of functions with given order of the \(k\)th generalized modulus of smoothness (Q1280691)

Let \(1\leq p\leq\infty\) and \(\alpha, \beta\geq-1/2\). The authors consider the approximation by algebraic polynomials of functions \(f\) such that \(f(1-\cdot)^\alpha(1+\cdot)^\beta\in L_p\) with respect to the norm \(\| f\| _{p,\alpha,\beta}:=\| f(1-\cdot)^\alpha(1+\cdot)^\beta\| _p\). Given \(\rho>0\), with the notation \(E_n(f)_{p,\alpha,\beta} :=\inf_{p_n}\| f-p_n\| _{p,\alpha,\beta}\), for the degree of approximation by polynomials of degree \(\leq n-1\), the authors wish to characterize the approximation spaces \[ E(p,\alpha,\beta,\rho):=\{f:E_n(f)_{p,\alpha,\beta}\leq Cn^{-\rho}\}. \] Given \(\nu\geq\mu\geq-1/2\), they introduce the generalized Jacobi shift operators \(T_t(f,x,\nu,\mu)\), of which we will only define the one for \(\nu=\mu=-1/2\), namely, \[ T_t(f,x,-1/2,-1/2):=\tfrac 12(f(x\cos t+\sqrt{1-x^2}\sin t)+f(x\cos t- \sqrt{1-x^2}\sin t)). \] Then they define the \(k\)th generalized Jacobi difference by \[ \begin{aligned} \Delta^1_t(f,x,\nu,\mu)&:=T_t(f,x,\nu,\mu)-f(x),\\ \Delta^k_{t_1,\dots,t_k}(f,x,\nu,\mu)&:=\Delta^1_{t_k}(\Delta^{k-1}_ {t_1,\dots,t_{k-}}),\quad k=2,3,\dots, \end{aligned} \] and they denote the generalized Jacobi modulus of smoothness \[ \widetilde\omega_k(f,\delta,\nu,\mu)_{p,\alpha,\beta}:=\sup_{| t_i| \leq\delta} \| \Delta^k_{t_1,\dots,t_k}(f,\cdot,\nu,\mu)\| _{p,\alpha,\beta}. \] Finally, let \({\mathbf H}(p,\alpha,\beta,\rho,\nu,\mu,k)\) be the class of functions for which \(\widetilde\omega_k(f,\delta,\nu,\mu)_{p,\alpha,\beta} \leq C\delta^\rho\), then for various pairs of \(\nu\) and \(\mu\), the authors describe collections of 4-tuples \(\{p,\alpha,\beta,k\}\), for which \({\mathbf H}(p,\alpha,\beta,\rho,\nu,\mu,k)=E(p,\alpha,\beta,\rho).\)