Ideal weights: Asymptotically optimal versions of doubling, absolute continuity, and bounded mean oscillation (Q1282041)

This paper, which shows a part of the author's dissertation thesis, deals with sharp inequalities between weight bounds (from the doubling, \(A_p\) and reverse Hölder condition) and the BMO norm. In section 1, examples are given to illustrate the involvement of the doubling and \(A_\infty\) conditions in various context of mathematical analysis. Recall that a non-negative locally Borel measure \(\nu\) on \(R^n\) is doubling if for some constant \(C>0\): \(C^{-1}\nu_Q\leq\nu_{2Q}\leq C\nu_Q\) for all cubes \(Q\), where \(\nu_Q=|Q|^{-1}\int_Q\nu\) is the mean value of \(\nu\) over \(Q\), and \(2Q\) is the concentric double of the cube \(Q\). In section 2, several other formulations of the doubling conditions are introduced. Among main results of this section is the continuity criterion (see Theorem 1) which asserts that: \(\nu\) is a doubling measure if and only if \(\nu(rQ)/\nu(Q)\to 1\) as \(r\to 1\), uniformly over all cubes \(Q\). The notion of asymptotic doubling weight is moreover introduced and studied here. The class \(A_p\), for \(1<p<\infty\), is the set of weights satisfying \(w_Q (w^{-1/(p-1)})^{p-1}_Q\leq K\). And \(A_\infty\) is formed by weights \(w\) such that \(w_Q\leq K \exp[(\ln w)_Q]\). The reverse Hölder class \(B_q\), \(q>1\), corresponds to weights \(w\) for which \((w^q)_Q^{1/q}\leq K w_Q\). In these conditions \(K\) is a nonnegative fixed constant which does not depend on the cube \(Q\). Following the case, the best constant \(K\) is denoted either by \(A_p(w)\) or \(A_\infty(w)\) or \(B_q(w)\). In section 3, basic theory of weights and well-known characterization of the class \(A_\infty\) are first recalled. The author's focus here is on study of properties of weights \(w\) with nearly optimal bounds, in the sense that one of \(A_p(w)\), \(A_\infty(w)\) and \(B_q(w)\) is close to \(1\). As an example of results obtained in Theorem 4 is that for an \(A_\infty\) weight then \[ \|\ln w\|_*\leq \ln(2A_\infty(w)) \tag{1} \] and \[ \|\ln w\|_*=O\Bigl( \sqrt{\ln(A_\infty(w)}\Bigr) \quad \text{as \(A_\infty(w)\to 1\)} \tag{2} \] where \(\|f\|_*=\sup_{Q}\{(|f-f_Q|)_Q\}<\infty\) means that \(f\) belongs to the space BMO of functions with bounded mean oscillation. Inequalities as \((1)\) and \((2)\) mean that each \(A_\infty\) weight with small bound can only oscillate mildly and \(\ln w\) must have bounded mean oscillation with the BMO norm close to \(0\) if \(A_\infty(w)\to 1\). Quantitative results as \((1)\) and \((2)\) linking \(A_\infty\) and doubling, \(A_p\) and BMO, \(B_q\) and BMO are also given in this section. Another contribution, in Theorem 5, is a new criterion for \(A_\infty\) expressed in terms of the median value. As is well known, if \(w\) is in the class \(A_p\) then actually \(w\) belongs to \(A_{p_1}\) for some \(p_1<p\). A refinement of this property is studied in Theorem 9 and the result asserts that, if \(A_p(w)\) is near its optional value \(1\) then \(p_1\) and the bound \(A_{p_1}(w)\) can be suitably taken close to \(1\). Moreover, the same fact is seen to be true for the class \(B_q\). The last section 4 is devoted to the introduction and study of asymptotic weight conditions. As a possible definition for a weight \(w\) to satisfy such a requirement is that \[ \lim\sup_{|Q|\to 0}[w_Q (w^{-1/(p-1)})^{p-1}_Q]=1. \] And the class \(A_{\infty,as}\) of such weights is characterized in Theorem 10. Its connection with the space VMO of functions with vanishing oscillation is also emphasized in this section.