A \(q\)-series identity involving Schur functions and related topics (Q1282256)

Let \(s_{\lambda}\) be the Schur function and \[ I_{\lambda}(q) = \prod_{v\in \lambda} {1 + q^{h(v)} \over 1-q^{h(v)}} \] where \(h(v)\) is the hook number. The author proves that \[ \sum_{\lambda} I_{\lambda}(q)s_{\lambda}(x) = \prod_i {(-x_iq;q)_{\infty}\over (x_i;q)_{\infty}} \prod_{i<j}{1 \over 1-x_ix_j}. \] This is Schur's formula when \(q=0\), and it is the \(q\)-binomial theorem when \(x_i = 0\) for \(i \geq 2\). The author uses this formula to compute many of the coefficients \(d_{\lambda\mu}\) defined by \(\psi^{(2)}(\chi_{\lambda}) = \sum_{\mu} d_{\lambda\mu}\chi_{\mu}\) where \(\psi^{(2)}\) is the Adams operator of the second order acting on the space of generalized characters of \(S_n\) and defined by \(\psi^{(2)}(\chi_{\lambda})(s) = \chi_{\lambda}(s^2)\) for \(s \in S_n\).