Selecting a proportion of characters (Q1282273)

The main result of this paper is a simpler proof of the following unpublished result of J. Bourgain: Assume that \( (\varphi_i)_{i\leq n} \) is a sequence of orthogonal functions on a probability space, such that \( \|\varphi_i\|_\infty\leq 1 \) and let \( \alpha:= \inf_{i\leq 1}\|\varphi_i\|_2. \) Then there is a \(\delta=\delta(\alpha)>0 \) such that for most subsets \( I \) of \( \{1,2,...,n\} \) with \( {\text{card}} I \leq n\delta \) and all sequences \( (a_i)_{i\in I} \) we have \[ \left\|\sum_{i\in I}a_i\varphi_i\right\|_1\geq \frac{\alpha^2}{ K\sqrt{\log n\cdot \log \log n}}\left(\sum_{i\in I} a_i^2\right)^{1/2}. \] The author observes that this result can be seen as a consequence of a result on restriction of operators. For the constant \( C>0 \) he considers the condition \( H(C) \) of a family of \( n \) vectors in a Banach space \( (W,\|\cdot\|). \) This condition is a kind of local smoothness of \( W. \) If \( U:\ell_n^2\rightarrow W \) is an operator such that \( (U(e_i))_{i\leq n} \) satisfies condition \( H(C) \) in \( (W,\|\cdot\|_{\sim}) \) where \( \|\cdot\|\leq\|\cdot\|_\sim, \) then, in this condition, one obtains the aforementioned result on the restriction of the operator \( U. \) The proof relies on fine probabilistic inequalities.