New fundamental symmetries of integrable systems and partial Bethe ansatz (Q1283183)

According to the quantum inverse scattering method (QISM), there is a connection between certain quantum groups (Hopf algebras) and quantum systems which are both integrable and exactly soluble. In particular, for those quantum systems to which QISM can be applied, a complete solution can be obtained by purely algebraic techniques applied to the data coming from the quantum algebra, via the Bethe ansatz. A typical quantum algebra in this approach has generators \(T_{ab}(\lambda)\) with relations \(R_{abcd}(\lambda-\mu)T_{c\rho}(\lambda)T_{d\sigma}(\mu)= T_{bd}(\mu)T_{ac}(\lambda)R_{cd\rho\sigma}(\lambda-\mu)\), where \(R(\lambda)\) is known as the \(R\)-matrix and satisfies the Yang-Baxter equation, as a compatibility condition. The paper investigates the analogue of QISM for quasi-exactly solvable systems, that is, for systems admitting an algebraic solution only over limited parts of the spectrum but which are still integrable (sufficient commuting integrals of motion); see \textit{A. V. Turbiner} and the author [Phys. Lett. A 126, 181-183 (1987)]. In particular, a procedure is given for generating from any graded associative algebra with unit, a deformation as what the author calls a quasi-algebra. For example, the quasi version of the quantum group \(sl_q(2)\) has generators \(a_n\), \(b_n\), \(c_n\) and \(d_n\) (\(n\) runs over integers) and relations including \(a_{n-1}b_n=qb_na_n\), \(b_{n+1}c_n=c_{n-1}b_n\) and \(a_nd_n-qb_{n+1}c_n=1\). The paper goes on to construct the corresponding quantum models, which are usually deformations of the original exactly solvable model, producing a family of quasi-exactly solvable models, the solutions being via a partial Bethe ansatz. The quasi analogues of the relation between the Gaudin algebra \({\mathcal G}[sl(2)]\), the Yangian \({\mathcal Y}[sl(2)]\) and the \(XXX\) spin models, are studied in detail, along with a comparison with the three known methods for solving quasi-exactly solvable models (the partial algebraization method, the inverse method of separation of variables and the projection method). Classical analogues are discussed, of both the quantum system and the associated quasi-algebra, and it is conjectured that they too are quasi-exactly solvable.