Quantal-classical duality and the semiclassical trace formula (Q1283546)

The authors consider Hamiltonian systems that can be described both classically and quantum mechanically. The trace formula between the energy spectra in the quantum description and the spectrum of actions of periodic orbits in the Newtonian description, is obtained. The effects of symmetry and symmetry-breaking are discussed. The interpretation of the classical correlation scale is given. A statistical model for rigidity in terms of ``formulas'' is introduced. A detailed analysis of the quantum and classical spectra of Sinai billiards in 3D are carried out. Dual Poissonian nature of the quantal and the classical spectra are discussed.