Characterizations of geodesic hyperspheres in a projective space by observing the extrinsic shape of geodesics (Q1284350)

It is known that a surface \(M\) in Euclidean 3-space \(E^3\) is locally a sphere if at each point \(p\in M\) there exist three geodesics in \(M\) through \(p\) which are circles in \(E^3\). In the present paper, the authors derive a similar characterization of geodesic hyperspheres in a complex projective space \(P_n(\mathbb{C})\). Recall that a curve in a Riemannian manifold is a circle if it is parametrized by arc length, has nonzero constant first geodesic curvature, and vanishing second order geodesic curvature. The authors prove that a real hypersurface \(M\) in \(P_n(\mathbb{C})\) is locally congruent to a geodesic hypersphere if and only if at each point \(p\in M\) there exist orthonormal tangent vectors \(v_1,\dots, v_{2n-2}\in T_pM\) orthogonal to the structure vector field of \(M\) such that every geodesic in \(M\) through \(p\) in direction \(v_i+v_j(1\leq i\leq j\leq 2n-2)\) is a circle in \(P_n(\mathbb{C})\).