The Cauchy problem for higher-order KP equations (Q1284434)

The authors study the local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem \[ (u_t+\alpha u_{xxx}+ \beta_{xxxxx}+ uu_x)_x+ u_{yy}+ u_{zz}= 0, \] \[ u(0,x,y,z)= \Phi(x,y,z) \] in certain nonisotropic Sobolev spaces in the following sense: The problem is called locally well posed in a space \(X\) if for any \(\Phi\in X\) there exists \(T= T(\|\Phi\|)> 0\) and a map \(F\) from \(X\) to \(C([0,T], X)\) such that \(u= F(\Phi)\) is a solution satisfying \[ \| F(\Phi_1)- F(\Phi_2)\|_{L^\infty([0, T],X)}\leq M(\|\Phi_2- \Phi_2\|, r)\quad\text{ if }\|\Phi_1\|+ \|\Phi_2\|\leq r. \] Here \(T\) is a nondecreasing continuous function with \(T(p)\to \infty\) as \(p\to 0\), \(M:\mathbb{R}_+\times \mathbb{R}_+\to \mathbb{R}_+\) is a locally bounded function such that \(M(S, r)\to 0\) for fixed \(r\) as \(S\to 0\). The investigations use the linear initial value problem \[ iu_t= p(- i\partial_x, -i\partial_y, -i\partial_z)u,\quad u\biggl|_{t=0}= \Phi, \] where \(p(\xi,\eta)= \beta\xi^5- \alpha\xi^3+ |\eta|^2/\xi\) \((\eta= (\eta_1,\eta_2))\), certain subtle estimates for the nonlinear term \(uu_x\), an integral equation equivalent to the primary problem, some scaling arguments, and the existence of solitary wave solutions \(U= u(x- ct,y,z)\) to construct examples of ill-posedness.