Hard ball systems are completely hyperbolic (Q1284563)

The authors consider the system of \(N(\geq 2)\) elastically colliding hard balls with masses \(m_1, \dots,m_N\), radius \(r\), moving uniformly in the flat torus \(\mathbb{T}^\nu_L= \mathbb{R}^\nu/L\cdot\mathbb{Z}^\nu\), \(\nu\geq 2\). It is proved here that the relevant Lyapunov exponents of the flow do not vanish for almost every \((N+1)\)-tuple \((m_1, \dots, m_N;L)\) of the outer geometric parameters.