One-dimensional localisation studied with a second grade model (Q1286010)

Second grade models are now used to include a meso-scale in continuous models. Using the virtual power method, we present a simple one-dimensional second grade model. This model is a second grade generalization of a common softening model. Under the small strain assumption and simple assumptions about the external forces, we obtain analytical solutions of boundary value problems for this model. They show that for such models the uniqueness cannot be proved. Then, we present a numerical analysis of boundary value problems, using this second grade model and the large strain assumption. The corresponding one-dimensional finite element code is validated by comparison with analytical solutions.