On holomorphic retracts of dimension 1 (Q1287017)

Let \(\Delta\) be the unit disc in \(\mathbb{C}\) with the Poincaré metric \(\omega\). A holomorphic map \(\varphi:\Delta\to X\) is called a complex geodesic on a complex manifold \(X\) if \(\varphi\) is an isometry with respect to the metric \(\omega\) on \(\Delta\) and the Carathéodory metric \(c_X\) on \(X\), defined by \(c_X(x,y)=\sup \{\omega(f(x), f(y))\); \(f\in H(X,\Delta))\) for \(x,y\in X\), where \(H(X,\Delta)\) is the set of all holomorphic maps of \(X\) into \(\Delta\). A holomorphic map \(\rho:X\to X\) is called a holomorphic retraction if \(\rho\circ \rho= \rho\) holds. The author first shows that if \(V\) is a closed complex submanifold of \(X\) which is holomorphically isomorphic to \(\Delta\), then \(V\) is the image of a holomorphic retraction \(\rho:X\to X\) if and only if \(V\) is the image of a complex geodesic \(\varphi:\Delta\to X\). The author next studies the existence and unicity of holomorphic retraction on complex submanifolds of dimension 1.