On the influence of the geometric properties of the spectrum of a polynomial on the Nikol'skij inequalities of different metrics (Q1288064)

S. M. Nikol'skij proved the inequality \[ \| Q_{\overline{\nu}}\|_{q}\leq 2^n\prod_{k=1}^n\nu_k^{\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{q}} \| Q_{\overline{\nu}}\|_p \] for entire functions of exponential type, where \(\|\varphi\|_p\) is the norm of a function in the space \(L_p({\mathbb R}^n)\). It is valid for trigonometric polynomials and translates to the algebraic, harmonic, and polyharmonic polynomials. In his PhD thesis, for \[ \Phi_n(x) = \sum_{k=1}^n c_k\varphi_k(x), \] where \(\{\varphi_k\}\) is an arbitrary bounded orthonormal system on \([a,b]\), the author established the following inequality: \[ \|\Phi_n\|_q\leq C_{pq}n^{\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{q}} \|\Phi_n\|_p \tag{1} \] for \(p=2\), \(q\in (2,+\infty)\). Here \(\| f\|_p = \left(\int_a^b| f(x)|^pdx\right)^{\frac{1}{p}}\). In the case \(2<p<q\leq +\infty\), the inequality \[ \|\Phi_N\|_q\leq C_{pq}N^{\frac{p}{2}(\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{q})}\|\Phi_N\|_p \tag{2} \] was established for \[ \Phi_N(x) = \sum_{k=1}^n c_k\varphi_{n_k}(x), \] where \(\{n_{k}\}_{k=1}^{N}\) is an increasing collection of naturals. The classical form (1) of the inequality of different metrics for trigonometric polynomials of degree \(n\) and the inequality (2) for trigonometric polynomials with at most \(N\) harmonics for \(2<p<q\leq\infty\) are extremal forms of the inequality of different metrics and consequences of geometric properties of the spectrum of the indicated polynomials. In the article under review, the author studies the form of dependence of the inequality of different metrics on the geometry of the spectrum of polynomials as well as additional conditions posed on the set \(B\subset\mathbb Z^n\) under which the inequality of different metrics for trigonometric polynomials \(T_B(x)\) involving the number of harmonics have the classical form for all admissible values of \(p\) and \(q\). In the case of trigonometric polynomials, the main result of the article reads as follows: let \(1\leq p<q\leq +\infty\), suppose that \(A_c\) in an arbitrary \(c\)-regular family of sets and \(T_B\) is the trigonometric polynomial corresponding to a subset \(B\subset A_c\), then the following inequality holds: \[ \| T_B\|_{L_q(Q)}\leq C_{pq}| B|^{\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{q}}\| T_B\|_{L_p(Q)}, \] where \(C_p\) is independent of \(T_B\).