Some properties of nonlinear adjoint operators (Q1288310)

The author studies the numerical range and the spectrum of adjoints of nonlinear homogeneous operators: Let \(D\) be a star-shaped open neighbourhood of \(0\) in a Banach space \(X\) and \(F:D\to X^*\) an operator which is Gâteaux-differentiable on \(D\) such that \(F(0)=0\) and \(t\mapsto \langle F'(tx)h,x\rangle \) is integrable over \([0,1]\) whenever \(x\in D\) and \(h\in X\). If for each \(x\in D\) there is a unique \(x^*(x)\in X^*\) such that \(\langle x^*(x),h\rangle =\int_0^1\langle F'(tx)h,x\rangle \roman{d}t\) whenever \(h\in X\) then the operator \(F^*:x\mapsto x^*(x)\) is called the adjoint of \(F\). If \(S,T:X\to X^*\) are positively homogeneous operators their numerical range is defined to be \(W(S,T):=\{\frac{\langle Sx,x\rangle }{\langle Tx,x\rangle }|\;\| x\|=1, \langle Tx,x\rangle \not=0\}\). Similarly, one defines the set of eigenvalues of \((S,T)\) to be the set \(\Lambda(S,T)\) of all \(\lambda\) such that there is an \(x\) with \(\| x\|=1\) such that \(Sx=\lambda Tx\). If one assumes in addition \(T\) to be positive the author proves that \(\overline{\lambda}\in W(S^*,T^*)\) whenever \(\lambda\in W(S,T)\) and \(\overline{\lambda}\in W(S^*,T^*)\) whenever \(\lambda\in\Lambda(S,T)\).