Uniform embeddings, homeomorphisms and quotient maps between Banach spaces (a short survey) (Q1295308)

The paper is a survey about : i) uniform and Lipschitz embedding of one Banach space into another; ii) uniform and Lipschitz classification of Banach spaces and their balls; iii) uniform and Lipschitz quotient maps. The author presents and comments the next results : i) a. Let \(f\) be a Lipschitz function from a separable Banach space \(X\) into a space \(Y\) with Radon-Nikodým property. Then \(f\) is Gâteaux differentiable almost everywhere. b. A Banach space \(X\) is uniformly equivalent to a subset of \(\ell_2\) if and only if \(X\) is linearly isomorphic to a subspace of \(L_0[0,1]\). ii) Let \(\varepsilon\) be a positive number. \(f:X \rightarrow Y\) is \(\varepsilon\)-Fréchet differentiable at \(x_0\) if there exists a bounded linear operator \(T\) and \(\delta > 0\) so that \(\| f(x_0+u)-f(x_0)-Tu \| \leq \varepsilon\) for \(u \in X\) with \(\| u\| \leq \delta\). If \(X\) is a Banach space and \(\mathcal U\) is a free ultrafilter on the integers then the space \(X_{\mathcal U}\) is defined by \(X_{\mathcal U}=\{\widetilde x = (x_1,x_2,\dots)\), \(x_i \in X\), \((x_i)_i\) bounded\} with \(\| \widetilde x\| _{\mathcal U}=\lim_{n \in \mathcal U} \| x_i\| \) (modulo the sequences of norm \(0\)). a. If \(X\) is \(L_p(0,1)\) or \(\ell_p\) with \(1<p<\infty\) and if \(Y\) is Lipschitz equivalent to \(X\) then \(Y\) is isomorphic to \(X\). b. The Banach space \(X\) is isometric to a subspace of \(X_{\mathcal U}\) by the mapping \(x \to (x,x,\dots)\). c. If \(f\) is a uniform homeomorphism from the Banach space \(X\) onto a Banach space \(Y\), then the map \(\widetilde f:X_{\mathcal U} \to Y_{\mathcal U}\) defined by \[ \widetilde f(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n,\dots)=(f(x_1),f(x_2)/2,\dots,f(nx_n)/n,\dots) \] is a Lipschitz homeomorphism. d. Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be uniformly homeomorphic Banach spaces. Then there exists a \(C < \infty\) so that for every finite-dimensional subspace \(E\) of \(X\) there is a subspace \(F\) of \(Y\) with \(d(E,F) < C\) (\(d(E,F)\) is the Banach-Mazur distance). e. Any Banach space wich is uniformly homeomorphic to \(\ell_p, 1 < p < \infty\), is already linearly isomorphic to \(\ell_p\). f. The unit ball of a separable infinite-dimensional Banach lattice \(X\) is uniformly homeomorphic to the unit ball of \(\ell_2\) if and only if \(X\) does not contain finite dimensional subspaces \(\{E_n\}_{n \geq 1}\) with \(\sup_n d(E_n,\ell_\infty^n) < \infty\). iii) A Lipschitz map \(f\) from a Banach space \(X\) onto a Banach space \(Y\) is called a Lipschitz quotient map if there is a \(\lambda > 0\) so that, for all \(x \in X\) and \(r>0\), \(f(B_X(x,r)) \supset B_Y(f(x),\lambda r)\) for all \(r > 0\). A uniformly continuous map \(f\) from \(X\) to \(Y\) is called a uniform quotient map if there is a function \(\varphi(r)\), with \(\varphi(r) > 0 \) for every \(r>0\), so that \(f(B_X(x,r)) \supset B_Y(f(x),\varphi(r))\) for all \(r>0\). a. For some pairs of spaces \(X, Y\) every Lipschitz map from \(X\) to \(Y\) has for every \(\epsilon >0\) points of \(\epsilon\)-Fréchet differentiability and consequently there is no Lipschitz quotient map from \(X\) onto \(Y\). b. Assume that \(Y\) is a uniform quotient of \(L_p(0,1), 1<p< \infty\). Then \(Y\) is isomorphic to a linear quotient of \(L_p(0,1)\). In particular every uniform quotient of a Hilbert space is isomorphic to a Hilbert space. In the final section ten open problems are presented.