Decomposing modules into direct sums of submodules with types (Q1295761)

The author introduces two concepts weaker than those of extending modules and quasi-continuous modules. A decomposition theory for these modules analogous to that of extending and quasi-continuous modules is provided. A natural class of \(R\)-modules is a class which is closed under submodules, direct sums, injective hulls and isomorphic copies. For any class \(\mathcal F\) of \(R\)-modules let \({\mathcal C}_F=\{M:\) any nonzero submodule of \(M\) can not embed in an element of \({\mathcal F}\}\) and \({\mathcal D}_F=\{M:\) any nonzero submodule of \(M\) contains a nonzero submodule embeddable in an element of \({\mathcal F}\}\). It is easy to see that both of these are natural classes. Given a module \(M\), a submodule \(N\) of \(M\) is called a type submodule if \(N\) is of type \(\mathcal K\) for some natural class \(\mathcal K\) (i.e. \(N\) is maximal with respect to \(N\in{\mathcal K}\), where \({\mathcal K}={\mathcal C}_F\) and \({\mathcal F}={\mathcal C}_K\)). It is clear that any type submodule is a complement submodule while the converse is not true. Two modules are orthogonal if they have no nonzero isomorphic submodules. The author replaces the `complement submodules' in the definition of \(CS\)-modules and quasi-continuous modules by `type submodules' of \(M\). Hence a \(TS\)-module is defined as one in which every type submodule is a direct summand. Similar to the known condition \((C_3)\) in the definition of quasi-continuous modules, the author introduces condition \((T_3)\): If \(M_1\), \(M_2\) are type summands which are complements of each other, then \(M_1\oplus M_2\) is a summand of \(M\). A \(TS\)-module (even with \(T_3\)) may not be a \(CS\) (i.e. extending) module. Among several interesting results, the author provides a characterization of \(TS\)-modules with \((T_3)\) on the same lines as that of a quasi-continuous module such as: \(M\) is a \(TS\)-module with \((T_3)\) if and only if \(f(M)\subseteq M\) for every idempotent \(f\in\text{End}(E(M))\) with \(\text{im }f\) orthogonal to \(\ker f\), where \(E(M)\) denotes the injective hull of \(M\). Necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for an arbitrary direct sum of pairwise orthogonal modules to become a \(TS\)-module with \((T_3)\). Every family \(\{M_i:i\in I\}\) of pairwise orthogonal modules, \(E(M_i)\) is injective if and only if every \(TS\)-module is a direct sum of atomic modules, if and only if every module contains a maximal injective type submodule. These conditions (among others) are shown to be equivalent to a weaker related ascending chain condition on type right ideals of the ring (t-acc). Several other results are included on \(TS\)-modules and \(TS\)-modules with \(T_3\). The paper concludes with examples showing the relationships of type conditions with \((C_1)\) and \((C_3)\) conditions and a construction of a \(TS\)-module with \((T_3)\).