Some characterizations of \(V\)-modules and rings (Q1297392)

The author considers two properties (V) and (Ve) of a module \(M\) where (V): If \(K\) is a proper submodule of \(M\) and \(x\in M\setminus K\) and if \(L\) is a submodule of \(M\) maximal with the property that \(K\subseteq L\) and \(x\notin L\), then \(L\) is a maximal submodule of \(M\) and (Ve): (V) holds for essential proper submodules of \(M\). The author proves that (i) an \(R\)-module \(M\) is a \(V\)-module if and only if it satisfies (V) and (ii) \(M/\text{Soc }M\) is a \(V\)-module if and only if \(M\) satisfies (Ve). After deriving 12 equivalent conditions for a \(GV\)-ring, the author proves that a ring \(R\) is a right \(V\)-ring if and only if the cosingular submodule of every simple right \(R\)-module is zero. Finally, he deduces that \(R\) satisfies (V) if and only if \(Z^*(M)=0\) for every right \(R\)-module \(M\).