Separatrix splitting for systems with three time scales (Q1297690)

The paper studies the Hamiltonian system with Hamiltonian \[ H=\nu^{a}A+\frac{1}{\nu^{1/2}}B+\nu^{2a}\frac{A^{2}}{2}+ \frac{I^{2}}{2}+ g^{2}(\cos \varphi -1) + \varepsilon f(\varphi, \alpha, \lambda). \] This system can be considered as coupled slow and fast rotators, whose positions are given by two angles \(\alpha\), \(\lambda\), respectively, and a pendulum described by an angle \(\phi\). \((I,A,B)\) denotes the conjugate momenta of angles \((\varphi,\alpha,\lambda)\), \(g,\nu\) are constants, \(\varepsilon\) is the perturbative parameter and the function \(f\) is an even trigonometric polynomial in its arguments. Under assumptions that one of the forcing frequency \(\nu^{-1/2}\) is very large and the second characteristic frequency \(\nu^{a}\) (\(a\geq 0\)) is relatively very small the authors prove that there are perturbations of size \(\varepsilon=O(\nu^{c})\) (for some \(c>0\)) such that the separatrix splitting of the system has an asymptotic given by Melnikov's integral. The techniques for exhibiting cancellations is inspired by renormalization theory in quantum electrodynamics and uses an analogue of Dyson's equations to prove an infinitely family of identities.