Construction of starting algorithms for the RK-Gauss methods (Q1298497)

Physical systems are often described by a set of Hamilton equations which is of the form \[ y'= F(y),\quad y(t_0)= y_0\in\mathbb{R}^D, \] Runge-Kutta (RK) methods are applied to numerically solve such systems, especially the so-called symplectic methods are very advantageous. RK methods based on Gauss-Legendre quadrature represent a category of such symplectic methods. These however are implicit and need some starting algorithms. The author gives some starting algorithms with 2, 3 and 4 stages. Numerical experiments with Hamiltonian systems are presented to show the performance of these algorithms of high order.