A characterization of compactly supported both \(m\) and \(n\) refinable distributions (Q1300154)

For \(m\geq 2\), a compactly supported distribution \(\varphi\) is called \(m\) refinable, if \(\varphi(x)= \sum_{j\in\mathbb{Z}} c_j\varphi(mx- j)\) and \(\widehat\varphi(0)= 1\), where \(\sum_{j\in\mathbb{Z}} c_j= m\) and \(c_j\neq 0\) for all but finitely many \(j\in\mathbb{Z}\). Here \(\widehat\varphi\) denotes the Fourier transform of \(\varphi\). One result of this paper reads as follows: Let \(r\) and \(s\) be relatively prime, and let \(m\geq 2\). Assume that the compactly supported distribution \(\varphi\) is linearly independent to its integer translates. Then \(\varphi\) is both \(m^r\) and \(m^s\) refinable iff \(\varphi\) is \(m\) refinable. Further, the authors discuss the following question: For which integer pairs \((m,n)\) is a compactly supported distribution, which is both \(m\) and \(n\) refinable, essentially a \(B\)-spline?