Analytic properties of nondiagonal Jacobi-Sobolev orthogonal polynomials (Q1301983)

The authors study the monic polynomials \(Q_n\), orthogonal with respect to the Sobolev inner product \[ \langle p,q\rangle_S=\int_{-1}^1 (p,p')\begin{pmatrix} 1 &\mu \\ \mu &\lambda\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix} q \\ q'\end{pmatrix}(1-x)^{\alpha}(1+x)^{\beta} dx, \] with \(\lambda-\mu^2>0;\;\alpha,\beta>-1\). This case of Sobolev orthogonality extends the ``diagonal case'' where \(\mu=0\). Denoting the monic Jacobi polynomial of degree \(n\) by \(P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)\) (actually the inner product for these can be found by taking \(\lambda=\mu=0\)), the main result is \[ \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} {Q_n(x)\over P_n^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)} = {1\over\Phi'(x)}, \] uniformly in \(x\) on compact subsets of \({\overline{\mathcal C}}\setminus [-1,1]\). Here \(\Phi(x)={1\over 2}(x+\sqrt{x^2-1})\), with the branch of the square root chosen such that \(\sqrt{x^2-1}>0\) for \(x>1\). As a corollary an asymptotic expression for \(Q_n(x)\) in terms of \(x\) as \(n\rightarrow\infty\) is derived; the asymptotic location of the zeros follows from Hurwitz's theorem: the zeros of \(Q_n\) accumulate on \([-1,1]\). Furthermore, upper and lower bounds for \(\|Q_n\|_S\) are given in terms of the norms of the Jacobi polynomials of degree \(n,n-1\) and \(n-2\), \(\lambda,\mu\) and the coefficients in the relation connecting \(Q_n,Q_{n-1},Q_{n-2}\) with \(P_n,P_{n-1},P_{n-2}\). An interesting extension of known results!