Partial fraction expansion of the cotangens, Herglotz trick, and the Weierstrass continuous, nowhere differentiable function (Q1303594)

In this paper, written in a conversational style, the author quotes the proofs of \[ \pi\cot(\pi x)=\frac{1}{x}+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{2x}{x^{2}-n^{2}} \] and \[ \frac{\pi^{2}}{\sin^{2}(\pi x)}=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}(x+n)^{-2} \] for noninteger real \(x\) by aid of functional equations of the form \[ f(x/2)+f((x+1)/2)=2cf(x). \] Then he offers a proof of the statement that all complex valued continuous periodic (period 1) functions of a real variable satisfying the latter functional equation are constant if \(|c|\geq 1\) (the constant is 0 except if \(c=1\)) and a similar theorem about integrable solutions almost everywhere if the equation is assumed to hold almost everywhere. Differentiability and, in particular, for \(|c|<1/2\) continuity but not differentiability, \(m\) times but not \(m+1\) times differentiability statements follow (the \(1/2\leq|c|<1\) case remains open).