Flagged Weyl modules for two column shapes (Q1304891)

The flagged Weyl module \(\text{ FlagWeyl}_D\) associated to a shape \(D\) (a finite set of pairs of positive integers) is a module of the Borel subgroup of upper-triangular matrices in a general linear group. It is closely related with the Weyl modules which describe the irreducible finite-dimensional representations of the general linear group over a field of characteristic 0 and with many other combinatorial and algebraic objects. For example, when the shape \(D\) is given by the inversion diagram of a permutation \(w\), then the formal character of \(\text{ FlagWeyl}_D\) is the Schubert polynomial \({\mathfrak S}_w\). For certain shapes called keys, the flagged Weyl modules are dual to the Demazure modules. Character formulas are known for the modules related with the so called \(\%\)-avoiding shapes studied by Magyar and the authors and which encompass nearly all classes of shapes whose Weyl or flagged Weyl modules have been studied. The paper under review is one of the first attempts to understand the structure of flagged Weyl modules and their characters for shapes outside the \(\%\)-avoiding class, by examining the somewhat tractable case where the shape \(D\) has two columns. The authors prove a recursive formula for the formal character involving the isobaric divided difference operators appearing in the Demazure character formula and a non-recursive formula for the same character which expresses it as the generating function for a certain set of column-strict tableaux. Finally, the authors give an explicit \(B\)-module filtration for these flagged Weyl modules which is dual to a Schubert filtration in the sense of Polo.