The infinite-time admissibility of observation operators and operator Lyapunov equations (Q1306292)

The authors study the observed dynamical system \[ u'(t)= Au(t) \quad (t \geq 0), \qquad u(0) = u_0, \qquad y(t)= Cu(t). \] The operator \(A\) is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous semigroup \(S(t)\) in a Hilbert space \(H\) and the observation operator \(C : D(A) \to Y\) is bounded, \(D(A)\) equipped with the Hilbert graph norm and \(Y\) another Hilbert space. The operator \(C\) is infinite-time admissible if \[ \int_0^\infty \|CS(t)u_0\|^2_Y dt \leq \gamma \|u_0\|^2_H \quad (u_0 \in D(A)). \] The authors give characterizations (one of ``semigroup type'', another of ``Hille-Yosida type'') of infinite time admissibility with no spectral assumptions on \(A\) or \(C.\) For characterizations of spectral type for \(A\) normal [see for instance \textit{P. Grabowski} and \textit{F. M. Callier}, Dyn. Contin. Discrete Impulsive Syst. 6, No. 1, 87-119 (1999; Zbl 0932.93009)].