Ultraproducts of \(\mathbb{Z}\) with an application to many-valued logics (Q1306836)

The background to this significant paper is the equivalence of the category of abelian lattice-ordered group with strong unit and the category of MV-algebras. In this paper MV-algebraic and group-theoretical techniques are combined to classify and axiomatize all universal classes generated by an infinite totally ordered MV-algebra \(A\) such that the quotient of \(A\) by its unique maximal ideal is finite. The number of elements of this quotient, and that of the largest finite subalgebra of \(A\) turns out to be a complete classifier. The main tool for the study is given by order-preserving embeddings of totally ordered groups into ultraproducts of the additive group of integers.