Differentiable structure of the set of controllable \((A,B)^t\)-invariant subspaces (Q1307201)

To a complex vector space \({\mathcal Z}\) and a linear subspace \({\mathcal Y}\subset{\mathcal Z}\) there are considered `observable' linear maps \(f:{\mathcal Y}\to{\mathcal Z}\), i.e., if \({\mathcal S}\subset{\mathcal Y}\) and \(f({\mathcal S})\subset{\mathcal S}\) then \({\mathcal S}= \{0\}\). By introducing so-called BK-bases (from Brunovsky-Kronecker) to observable maps the corresponding matrices have a certain normal form. (In the reviewer's opinion this is not a generalization of the well-known Jordan form, but a fully different and much simpler case!) Finally, a subspace \({\mathcal S}\subset{\mathcal Y}\) is called \(f\)-invariant if \(f({\mathcal S})\cap{\mathcal Y}\subset{\mathcal S}\). By formulating linear conditions, the authors show that the set of BK-bases of all \(f\)-invariant subspaces with prescribed normal form of the restriction \(f:{\mathcal S}\to{\mathcal Z}\) is the intersection of an open subset of a certain vector space and a linear subspace. Then in a natural way this set may be considered as a principal bundle, the structure group being the transformation group of BK-bases and the base-space being the set of all \(f\)-invariant \({\mathcal S}\subset{\mathcal Y}\) with given normal form of \(\underline f\).