Numerical ranges and stability estimates (Q1308580)

Numerical ranges or fields of values of matrices are not only an important topic in matrix theory but also in applications, such as stability estimates of some discretization schemes of ordinary differential equations, which is mentioned by the author, and stability analysis of linear control systems. A linear control system is called stable if its system matrix has eigenvalues on the left half plane. Perturbations may change the stability property of the system and therefore it is very important to study the distance to instability, which is related to numerical ranges, too [see \textit{D. Hinrichsen} and \textit{B. Kelb}, Syst. Control Lett. 21, No. 2, 127-136 (1993; Zbl 0785.93030)]. Numerical evaluations of field values of a matrix have been presented by \textit{C. R. Johnson} [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 15, 595-602 (1978; Zbl 0389.65018)] and the code is expected to be incorporated into the MATLAB. The result of the paper are theoretically of interest, though in earlier work of the author, the problem of stability estimates was handled. The classical numerical range of a matrix has been generalized to the so- called \(M\)-numerical range and new characterizations are given. The paper is a good survey for the theory of \(M\)-numerical range proposed by the author.