Numerical modelling of 3-D circulation in restricted waters (Q1312642)

The paper presents a three-dimensional circulation model based on a finite element formulation. Due to the geophysical applications, the hydrostatic pressure assumption is assumed, resulting in important formulation simplifications. The turbulence is calculated by use of a one-equation model together with an algebraic length scale. The ability of the model is demonstrated by applications to a wind-driven flow in a simple basin and the tidal circulation in a Norwegian fjord. Predictions for the latter example are compared with available measurements.