On rational points of curves of genus 3 over finite fields (Q1313223)

For any curve \(C\) defined over finite fields \(\mathbb{F}_ q\) \((q = p^ d; p : \text{prime})\), Weil gave an estimate for the cardinality of the set \(C(\mathbb{F}_ q)\) of \(\mathbb{F}_ q\)-rational points of \(C\) as follows: \[ \biggl | \# \bigl( C(\mathbb{F}_ q) \bigr) - 1 - q \biggr | \leq 2g \sqrt q \] where \(g = g(C)\) is the genus of the curve \(C\). When \(q\) is a square, for a fixed \(q\) and variable \(g\), very interesting phenomena occur and the upper bound and asymptotic behaviour for \(g \to \infty\) were studied for example by \textit{Y. Ihara} and \textit{Yu. Manin} and \textit{S. G. Valdut}. -- \textit{J.-P. Serre} studied the bound for a fixed \(g\) and variable \(q\). We shall show the following: Theorem. For each odd prime \(p\) and each positive integer \(e\), there exists a nonsingular irreducible curve \(C\) of genus 3 defined over \(\mathbb{F}_ p\) such that the number of \(\mathbb{F}_{p^{2 e}}\) rational points attains the maximum (resp. the minimum) of the Weil inequality for odd (resp. even) \(e\), that is, \(\# (C(\mathbb{F}_{p{2e}})) = 1 + p^{2e} + (-1)^{e+1} 6p^ e\). More precisely, there exists a curve \(C\) defined over \(\mathbb{F}_ p\) such that the Jacobian variety \(J(C)\) of \(C\) is isomorphic over \(\mathbb{F}_{p^ 2}\) to the product of three copies of a supersingular elliptic curve \(E\) defined over \(\mathbb{F}_ p\).