Green's function, continual weighted composition operators along trajectories, and hyperbolicity of linear extensions for dynamical systems (Q1319922)

Let \(\alpha = \{\alpha^ t, t \in \mathbb{R}\}\) be a flow on a compact metric space \(X\), and \(A = A (\cdot, \cdot)\) be a continuous cocycle over \(\alpha\) taking its values in the set \(L(E)\) of bounded linear operators on a separable Hilbert space \(E\). The author investigates the linear skew-product flow \(\widehat \alpha = \{\widehat \alpha^ t\}\) associated with \(\alpha\) acting in the trivial vector bundle \(X \times E\) with base \(X\) and fibre \(E\) by the rule \(\widehat \alpha^ t(x,v) = (\alpha^ t x, A(x,t)v)\), \(x \in X\), \(v \in E\). He introduces the notion of continual weighted composition operators \(\theta^ t_ x\) acting in the space \(L_ 2 (\mathbb{R}, E)\) by the rule \((\theta^ t_ x f)(s) = A (\alpha^{s-t} x,t) f(s - t)\), \(s \in \mathbb{R}\), \(x \in X\), \(t \in \mathbb{R}_ +\). These operators form the family of semigroups \(\{\theta^ t_ x\}_{t \in \mathbb{R}_ +}\) parametrized by the points \(x \in X\). Let \(d_ x\), \(x \in X\) denote the generators of these semigroups. It is proved that the flow \(\widehat \alpha\) is hyperbolic if and only if the spectra in \(L_ 2 (\mathbb{R},E)\) of the operators \(\theta^ t_ x\) are separated from the unit circle uniformly with respect to \(x \in X\) for some \(t \in \mathbb{R}_ +\). It turns out that the hyperbolicity of \(\widehat \alpha\) is equivalent to the uniqueness and existence of the Green functions for the operators \(d_ x\) for all \(x \in X\). In the case of invertibility of the operators \(A(x,t)\) the author introduces the Green function of \(\widehat \alpha\) in the space \(L_ 2 (X, \mu; E)\) where \(\mu\) is a Borel quasiinvariant probability measure on \(X\) with \(\text{supp} \mu = X\).