Nil-extensions of unions of groups induced by identities (Q1322581)

The authors determine all identities which induce (1) nil-extensions of unions of groups, (2) retractive nil-extensions of unions of groups and (3) nilpotent extensions of union of groups. An ideal extension \(S\) of a semigroup \(K\) is called a nil-extension (\(n\)-nil extension) if \(S/K\) is a nil-semigroup (\(n\)-nilpotent semigroup). Let \(u = v\) be an identity where \(u\), \(v\) are words, i.e. elements of the free semigroup \(A^ +\) over an alphabet \(A\). For instance, the result of (1): \(u = v\) is an identity which induces a nil-extension of unions of groups if and only if \(u = v\) is not satisfied in the class of semigroups given by any one of the following presentations: \[ \langle a, e\mid a^ 2 = a^ 3,\;e^ 2 = e,\;ae = a,\;ea = a\rangle \] \[ \langle a, e \mid a^ 2 = a^ 3,\;e^ 2 = e,\;ae = a,\;ea = a^ 2\rangle, \] \[ \langle a, e \mid a^ 2 = a^ 3,\;e^ 2 = e,\;ae = a^ 2, ea = a\rangle. \] Also this condition can be equivalently described in explicit forms of \(u\) and \(v\) as follows: \(\{x \in A: | x|_ u = 1\} \neq \{x \in A: | x|_ v = 1\}\) and \(u = v\) is \(p\)-equivalent to some of the following three identities: \[ x_ 1 u'(x_ 2,\dots,x_ n) = v'(x_ 1,\dots,x_{n - 1})x_ n,\tag{A1} \] where \(x_ 1 \nparallel_ \ell v'\) and \(x_ n \nparallel_ r u'\). \((x_ 1 \nparallel_ \ell v'\) means \(x_ 1\) does not divide \(v'\) from the left) \[ x_ 1 u' x_ n = v'\quad \text{ where } x_ 1,x_ n\nmid u',\quad x_ 1 \nparallel_ \ell v'\quad \text{ and }x_ n \nparallel_ r v'\tag{A2} \] \[ x_ 1 u'(x_ 2, \dots, x_ n) = v'(x_ 2,\dots,x_ n)x_ 1.\tag{A3} \] The results (2) and (3) are described in a similar manner.