The Hilbert transform and maximal function along nonconvex curves in the plane (Q1325214)

Let \(\Gamma(t)= (t,\gamma(t))\) \((\gamma(0)= 0)\), and define \[ H_ \Gamma f(x)= \int^ 1_{-1} f(x-\Gamma(t)){dt\over t},\quad M_ \Gamma f(x)= \sup_{0< h\leq 1} {1\over h} \int^ h_ 0 | f(x- \gamma(t))| dt. \] The first important result on the \(L^ p\)-boundedness of such operators was formulated in \textit{E. M. Stein} and the second author [Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 84, 1239-1295 (1978; Zbl 0393.42010)], which said when \(\Gamma(t)\in C^ \infty\) and the curvature of \(\Gamma(t)\) does not vanish at the origin, then \[ \| H_ \Gamma f\|_ p\leq A_ p\| f\|_ p,\quad 1< p<\infty,\qquad \| M_ \Gamma f\|_ p\leq A_ p\| f\|_ p,\quad 1< p\leq \infty. \] Much effort has been devoted to the study of \(H_ \Gamma\) and \(M_ \Gamma\) without the curvature assumption as above. A series of results have been obtained under the convexity assumption (replacing the curvature assumption) together with some other doubling conditions. The aim of the paper is to remove the convexity assumption. An \(L^ p\)-boundedness result of \(H_ \Gamma\) and \(M_ \Gamma\) is obtained in the paper; the imposed conditions are rather complicated to state.