Weighted approximation by Szász-Mirakjan operators (Q1325768)

The author discusses the weighted approximation by the Szász-Mirakjan operator, which is given by \[ S_ n (f,x) = \sum^ \infty_{k = 0} f(k/n) p_{n,k} (x), \quad p_{n,k} (x) = e^{-nx} (nx)^ k/k!. \] Let \(\Delta^ 2_ h f(x) = f(x+2h) - 2f(x+h) + f(x)\). For \(f \in C[0, \infty) \cap L_ \infty [0,\infty)\) and \(0 < \alpha < 2\), \textit{V. Totik} [Acta Math. 41, 291-307 (1983; Zbl 0513.41013)] and \textit{Z. Ditzian} and \textit{V. Totik} [Moduli of Smoothness (1987; Zbl 0666.41001)] proved that \[ \bigl \| S_ n (f) - f \bigr \|_ \infty = O(n^{-\alpha/2}) \Leftrightarrow x^{\alpha/2} \bigl | \Delta^ 2_ h f(x) \bigr | \leq M_ f h^ \alpha \quad (x \geq 0,h > 0). \] The main result of the paper is the following characterisation theorem. Theorem. Let \(0<a<1\), \(b>0\), \(w(x) = x^ a(1+x)^{-b}\), \(f \in C_{a,b}\). Then for \(0< \alpha <1\), the following statements are equivalent: \[ \begin{alignedat}{2} w(x) \bigl | S_ n (f,x) - f(x) \bigr | &\leq M_ fn^{-\alpha} \quad && (n \in N, \quad x \geq 0). \tag{1} \\ K(f,t)_ w &\leq M_ f' t^ \alpha \quad && (t>0). \tag{2} \\ \sup_{x \geq 0} \bigl | x^{a + \alpha} (1 + x + 2h)^{-b} \Delta^ 2_ h f(x) \bigr | &\leq M_ f'' h^{2 \alpha} \quad && (h>0); \tag{3} \\ \bigl | w(x) x^ \alpha \Delta^ 2_ x f(0) \bigr | &\leq M_ f'' x^{2 \alpha} \quad && (x>0), \end{alignedat} \] where \[ K(f,t)_ w = \inf_{g \in D} \bigl \{\| f - g \|_ w + t \| \varphi g'' \|_ w \bigr\}, \] \[ D = \bigl \{g \in C^ 0_{a,b} : g' \in A.C._{\text{loc}},\| \varphi g'' \|_ w < \infty \bigr\}. \]