Manifold and the notion of groups. On the changes of geometry in the nineteenth century. (Q1325779)

The author studies the formal and physical dual nature of space. The study consists of three main parts. First the author distinguishes two trends in nineteenth-century geometry: one purely mathematical, representing an attempt to deepen and extend the concepts of geometry; the second scientific, regarding geometry as the science of physical space. Second, the author finds the origins of the concept of an \(n\)- dimensional manifold in Riemann's Habilitationsvortrag on the hypotheses that form the foundation of geometry, which made it possible to look at geometry in new ways. Third, he studies the influence of transformation groups on the subject in the works of Klein, Lie, and others. He traces the path by which these concepts combined to create the ``natural'' mathematical model for certain fundamental physical phenomena.