Rate of convergence and dyadic differentiability of Walsh series (Q1326667)

Let \(w_ 0, w_ 1,\dots\) represent the Walsh functions in the usual ordering defined on the interval \([0,1)\). The dyadic sum of two points \(x,y\in[0,1)\) with respective dyadic expansions \(\sum^ \infty_{j=0} x_ j2^{-j-1}\) and \(\sum^ \infty_{j=0} y_ j2^{-j -1}\), is \(x\dot+y :=\sum^ \infty_{j=0}| x_ j-y_ j| 2^{-j-1}\). A function \(f\) will be called appropriate at \(x\in[0,1)\) if \(f(x)\) and \(f(x\dot+2^{-j})\) are defined for \(j=1, 2,\dots\;\). Let for a function \(f\) appropriate at \(x\) \[ d_ n f(x)=\sum^{n-1}_{j=0}2^{j-1}\biggl( f(x)-f(x\dot + 2^{-j-1})\biggr),\quad n=1, 2,\dots, \] and \(f^{(1)} (x) :=\lim_{n\to\infty} D_ n f(x)\). If \(f^{(1)} (x)\) is finite we call it dyadic derivative of \(f\) at \(x\). E.g., \(w_ k^{(1)}=k w_ k\) for \(k=1, 2,\dots\;\). The following general problem is examined: given a Walsh series \(f :=\sum^ \infty_{k=0} a_ kw_ k\), determine conditions under which \(f\) is dyadically differentiable at \(x\) and satisfies \(f^{(1)}=\sum^ \infty_{k=0} ka_ kw_ k\). \textit{P. L. Butzer} and \textit{H. J. Wagner} [Appl. Anal. 3, 29-46 (1973; Zbl 0256.42016) and Analysis Math. 1, 171-196 (1971; Zbl 0324.42011)] introduced the problem and showed it for absolutely convergent Walsh series. \textit{C. H. Powell} and \textit{W. R. Wade} [Approximation Theory Appl. 7, No. 2, 20-40 (1991; Zbl 0758.42018)] proved the cases: whenever \(\sum^ \infty_{k=0} b_ k a_ k w_ k(x)\) converges or \(\sum^ \infty_{k=m} b_ k a_ k w_ k(x)=o({1\over b_ m})\), where \((b_ k)\) is an increasing positive sequence such that \(\sum^ \infty_{k=0} {1\over b_ k} <\infty\). In this work the authors examined whether the dyadic differentiation can be characterized from the growth of the sequence \(\{b_ k\}\) and they proved that the cases above give the best possible results. For example in Theorem 1 they shows that if \(\sum^ \infty_{k=0} {1\over b_ k}=\infty\) then there exists a sequence \(\{a_ k\}\) such that \(\sum^ \infty_{k=0} b_ k a_ k w_ k(x)\) is not dyadically differentiable.