A description of normal extensions (Q1326888)

A closed operator \(L\) in a Hilbert space \(H\) is called formally normal if \(D(L)\subset D(L^*)\) and \(\| Lf\|= \| L^* f\|\) for all \(f\in D(L)\). A formally normal operator \(L\) is called normal if \(D(L)= D(L^*)\). An operator \(L_ 0\) in \(H\) is called minimal if there exists a positive number \(C\) such that \(\| L_ 0 u\|\geq C\| u\|\) for all \(u\in D(L_ 0)\) and \(\overline{R(L_ 0)}\neq H\). Suppose there exists another minimal operator \(M_ 0\) with \(D(M_ 0)= D(L_ 0)\) satisfying \((L_ 0 u,v)= (u,M_ 0 v)\) for all \(u,v\in D(L_ 0)\). Suppose a minimal operator \(L_ 0\) is formally normal. Then the closures of \(A_ 0= (L_ 0+ M_ 0)/2\) and \(B_ 0= (L_ 0- M_ 0)/2i\) defined on \(D(L_ 0)= D(M_ 0)\) are symmetric and denoted by \(\overline A_ 0\) and \(\overline B_ 0\). The main result of this paper is as follows. If \(L\) is a normal extension of a minimal operator \(L_ 0\), then the closures of the operators \(L_ R= (L+ L^*)/2\) and \(L_ J= (L- L^*)/2i\) are self-adjoint extensions of the minimal operators \(\overline A_ 0\) and \(\overline B_ 0\), respectively, and on \(D(L)= D(L^*)= D(\overline L_ R)\cap D(\overline L_ J)\) we have \((L_ R u,L_ J u)= (L_ J u, L_ R u)\). The converse of this proposition is also given. The authors cite two examples in illustration of the result. A description of all normal regular extensions by means of one known extension is provided.