On glueing curves on surfaces and zero cycles (Q1330265)

The aim of this article is to study the structure of \(H^2 (X,K_2)\) of a surface \(X\) with prescribed singularities. Let \(X'\) be a smooth projective surface over \(\mathbb{C}\), \(m\) an effective divisor on \(X'\) and \(\pi : X' \to X\) such that \(\pi : m \to S\) is a finite surjective map between reduced curves and \(U = X' \backslash m \simeq X \backslash S\). The author studies the relations between the group \(H^2 (X,K_2)\), the 1-motive \(J^2 (X)\) defined by \(J^2 (X) = H^3 (X,\mathbb{C})/F^2 H^3 (X, \mathbb{C}) + H^3 (X, \mathbb{Z})\) and \(G_{um}\) the generalized albanese variety of \(X'\) with modulus \(m : G_{um} (\mathbb{C}) \simeq H^0 (X', \Omega_{X'} (m))^*_{d = 0}/H_2 (U, \mathbb{Z})\); the generalized albanese map \(\alpha_{um} : U \to G_{um} (\mathbb{C})\) is given by \(\alpha_{um} (x)=(\int_\gamma \omega_1, \ldots, \int_\gamma \omega_n)\) modulo periods, for any path \(\gamma\) joining a fixed point \(x_0\) to \(x\) and where \((\omega_i)\) is a basis of \(H^0 (X', \Omega_{X'} (m))_{d = 0}\). The author gets the following results: (i) There is a surjective homomorphism \(G_{um} (\mathbb{C}) \to J^2 (X)\) which is an isomorphism if \(S\) is integral. (ii) If \(H^2 (X', {\mathcal O}_{X'}) = 0\) then \(J^2 (X)\) is an extension of \(\text{Alb}_{X'}\) by a torus of dimension \(d = \text{rank(NS}(m)/(\text{NS}(S) +\text{NS}(X')))\) where NS\(( )\) is the Néron-Severi group. (iii) \(\alpha_{um}\) induces a surjective homomorphism \(H^2 (X, K_2)_0 \to J^2 (X)\) where \(H^2 (X,K_2)_0\) is the group of zero cycles of degree zero. To prove the first result, the author considers the following diagram: \[ \begin{matrix} H^2 (X, \mathbb{C}) & \longrightarrow & H^2 (S, \mathbb{C}) & \longrightarrow & H^3_c (U, \mathbb{C}) & \longrightarrow & H^3 (X, \mathbb{C}) & \longrightarrow & 0 \\ \downarrow & & \downarrow & & \downarrow & & \downarrow \pi^* \\ H^2 (X', \mathbb{C}) & \longrightarrow & H^2 (m, \mathbb{C}) & \longrightarrow & H^3_c (U, \mathbb{C}) & \longrightarrow & H^3 (X', \mathbb{C}) & \longrightarrow & 0 \end{matrix} \] By Hodge theory, we have \(F^2 H^3 (X, \mathbb{C}) \cap W^2 H^3 (X, \mathbb{C}) = F^2 H^3 (X, \mathbb{C}) \cap \text{Ker} (\pi^*) = 0\), and we get \(F^2 H^3 (X, \mathbb{C}) = F^2 H^3 (X', \mathbb{C}) = H^1 (X', \Omega^2)\). Then we deduce from the isomorphism \(H^1 (U, \mathbb{C}) \simeq \Omega^{\text{inv}}_{G_{um}} \oplus H^1 (X', \Omega^2)\) a surjective map \(\Omega^{\text{inv} *}_{G_{um}} \to H^3 (X, \mathbb{C})/F^2 H^3 (X, \mathbb{C})\), and taking quotients respectively by \(H^3_c (U, \mathbb{Z}) \simeq H_1 (U, \mathbb{Z})\) and \(H^3 (X, \mathbb{Z})\) we obtain the surjective map \(G_{um} (\mathbb{C}) \to J^2 (X)\). If \(S\) is integral \(H^2 (S, \mathbb{C}) \simeq \mathbb{C}\), then \(H^3_c (U, \mathbb{C}) \simeq H^3 (X, \mathbb{C})\), and the second part of the first statement follows. We obtain the second statement from the exact sequence: \[ 0 \to {H^2 (m, \mathbb{C}) \over H^2 (S, \mathbb{C}) + H^2 (X', \mathbb{C})} \to {H^3_c (U, \mathbb{C}) \over H^2 (S, \mathbb{C}) + H^1 (X', {\mathcal O}_{X'})} \to {H^3 (X', \mathbb{C}) \over F^2 H^3 (X', \mathbb{C})} \to 0 \] and from the isomorphism \(H^3_c (U, \mathbb{C})/(H^2 (S, \mathbb{C}) + H^1 (X', {\mathcal O}_{X'})) \simeq H^3 (X', \mathbb{C})/F^2 H^3 (X', \mathbb{C})\). To obtain the last statement, we have to look at the decomposition in irreducible components of the divisors \(S\) and \(m\) and to study the map \(H^2 (S, \mathbb{C}) \to H^3_c (U, \mathbb{C})\).