A convexity theorem for Nörlund summability (Q1330818)

The author first re-writes the known convexity theorems for the Cesàro, Hölder and Euler-Knopp methods of summability in a nice form involving only two cases of the method as opposed to the more usual three: for example, \[ u\in m,\quad \alpha>\varepsilon >0,\quad C_ \alpha u\in c\to C_ \varepsilon \in c. \] He then shows that this is equivalent to \[ u \in m, \quad \alpha > 0, \quad (C_ \alpha)^ 2u \in c \to C_ \alpha \in c, \] and then defines what he calls the Convexity Theorem Property or CTP: A matrix \(A\) has the CTP if \(x \in m\), \(A^ 2x \in c \to Ax \in c\). Thus the Cesàro, Hölder and Euler-Knopp matrices all have CTP. The author shows that a large class of Nörlund matrices have CTP, specifically, those regular Nörlund matrices \((N,p_ n)\) with \[ \{p_ n\} \nearrow,\;p_ 0>0,\;p_ n \geq 0,\;\lim {P_ i \over P_ j} = 0 \quad \text{as}\quad j \to \infty, \text{ and } i/j \to 0. \]