Topological totally convex spaces. I (Q1330912)

The category of totally convex spaces \({\mathcal T}{\mathcal C}\) was introduced by the reviewer and \textit{H. Röhrl} [Banach spaces and totally convex spaces. I, Commun. Algebra 12, 953-1019 (1984; Zbl 0552.46042)]. If one introduces the set \(\Omega = \{\alpha | \alpha = (\alpha_ i | i \in \mathbb{N})\), \(\sum^ \infty_{i = 1} | \alpha_ i | \leq 1\}\) of all totally convex operations, which is just the unit ball \(\bigcirc (\ell_ 1 (\mathbb{N})\) of \(\ell_ 1 (\mathbb{N})\) over \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}\), a totally convex space \(C\) can be defined as follows: \(C\) is a nonempty set permitting the elements of \(\Omega\) as operations, which can be expressed as a mapping \(\Omega \times C^ \mathbb{N} \to C\), the result of which on a pair \((\alpha,c)\), \(c = (c_ i | i \in \mathbb{N}) \in C^ \mathbb{N}\), will be written as a formal sum \(\sum^ \infty_{i = 1} \alpha_ i c_ i\). These operations are required to satisfy the following equations (TC 1) \(\qquad \sum^ \infty_{i=1} \delta_{ik} c_ i = c_ k\), (TC 2) \(\qquad \sum^ \infty_{i=1} \alpha_ i \Bigl( \sum^ \infty_{k = 1} \beta_{ik} c_ k \biggr) = \sum^ \infty_{k=1} \Bigl(\sum^ \infty_{i=1} \alpha_ i \beta_{ik} \Bigr) c_ k\). Hence, the category \({\mathcal T}{\mathcal C}\) formed by these totally convex spaces and the mappings preserving these ``sums'' is an algebraic category, which may be considered as the algebraic ``component'' of the theory of Banach spaces. Because of its close connection to the category \({\mathcal B}\)\textit{an}\(_ 1\) of (real or complex) Banach spaces and linear contractions it seems natural to investigate totally convex spaces with an additional topology. Besides, there are several canonical topologies on a totally convex space induced by its algebraic structure. The authors define the notion of a locally convex topology on a totally convex space and call a space with such a topology a topological totally convex space. They give numerous examples of such spaces and show the close connection to the category of Saks spaces. The definition of continuous morphisms leads to the category \({\mathcal T}{\mathcal T}{\mathcal C}{\mathcal S}\) of topological totally convex spaces. The authors get very interesting results for this theory showing that their definition is well-founded. Several important topologies on the dual space are discussed and it is proved that the topology of compact convergence coincides with the weak \(*\)-topology provided the original space carries the strong topology (2.1). The authors even succeed to prove a generalization of the Alaoglu theorem (2.2). One of the most interesting conclusions from this theorem is a construction of the left adjoint for the lifted unit ball functor \(\widehat \bigcirc:{\mathcal B}\)\textit{an}\(_ 1 \to {\mathcal T}{\mathcal T}{\mathcal C}{\mathcal S}_ 0\), where \({\mathcal T}{\mathcal T}{\mathcal C}{\mathcal S}_ 0\) denotes the full subcategory of the objects of \({\mathcal T}{\mathcal T}{\mathcal C}{\mathcal S}\) with the strong topology, with the bidual space. This construction can be carried over to the original category \({\mathcal T}{\mathcal C}\) (3.6) and is a considerable improvement compared with the original proof in [loc. cit.]. It has proved to be working since for other convexity theories as well, e.g., for positively, convex and superconvex spaces.