Distribution of energy levels of a quantum free particle on a surface of revolution (Q1331688)

Let \(M\) be a compact surface of revolution in \(\mathbb{R}^ 3\) homeomorphic to a sphere and defined by the equation \(r=f(s)\), \(0\leq s\leq L\), where \(s\) is the normal coordinate along the meridian, and \(r\) is the radial coordinate; the function \(f\) is assumed to be smooth with \(f'(s)\neq 0\) for \(s\neq s_ 0\), \(f''(s_ 0)\neq 0\), \(f(s_ 0)= \max f(s)\) for \(0\leq s\leq L\). The author gives an asymptotic formula for the number \(N(R)= \text{card} \{E_ n\mid -E_ n\leq R^ 2\}\) of the eigenvalues \(E_ n\) of the Laplace operator on \(M\), under a certain somewhat technical condition (*) on the geodesic flow on \(M\). Via quasi-classical approximation, this problem is reduced to an asymptotic estimate for the number of lattice points \(N_ 0(R)= \text{card} \{n\mid n\in\mathbb{Z}^ 2\), \(F(n_ 1+ {1\over 2}, n_ 2)\leq R^ 2\), \(| n_ 2|\leq n_ 1\}\), where a positive function \(F\) is assumed to be homogeneous of degree two, \(F\in C^ \infty (\mathbb{R}^ 2\setminus \{0\})\). Condition (*) gives rise to the following condition on the curvature \(\sigma\) of the curve \(\Gamma\): \(F(x)=1\). The set \(P=\{p\mid p\in\Gamma\), \(\sigma(p)=0\}\) is finite, \({{d\sigma} \over {ds}}|_ p\neq 0\) and either \(n\cdot\nu(p)=0\) for some \(n\) in \(\mathbb{Z}^ 2\), or \(| n\cdot \nu(p)|> C/| n|^{1+\zeta}\) with \(\zeta>0\) for \(n\in\mathbb{Z}^ 2\), where \(\nu(p)\) denotes the vector of the outer normal to \(\Gamma\) at \(p\), \(p\in P\). Assuming \(\Gamma\) satisfies this condition, the author proves that \[ N_ 0(R)= A\cdot R^ 2+ R^{2/3} \alpha_ 1 (R)+ R^{1/2} \alpha_ 2(R), \] where \(A\) is equal to the area of the region \(\{x\mid x\in \mathbb{R}^ 2\), \(F(x)\leq 1\), \(| x_ 2|\leq x_ 1\}\) and \(\alpha_ i(R)\), \(i=1,2\) is given by its Fourier series expansion in the Besicovitch space \(B^ 2\). This formula implies an asymptotic formula for \(N(R)\) of the same shape.