A procedure to determine nonassociated constitutive equations for geomaterials (Q1332481)

Constitutive equations, which can describe such geomaterial properties as creep, irreversible compressibility or dilatancy, work hardening , damage and failure, are sought in this comprehensive work. In addition to a full development of the equations, the author cites the work of at least 45 references. Links to experimental work are also made. The author concludes that good constitutive relations can be built only if complete and accurate triaxial data are available for the class of materials covered here. In general, he feels also that for most such materials the equations must be of ``nonassociative'' form, i.e., the flow rule should not be associated with a yield function. Evidence is presented for sand and rock salt. Of interest to specialists in plasticity, in general, and to engineers concerned with mining, excavating and other civil engineering applications.