The Mitsch order on a semigroup (Q1333187)

For every semigroup \((S,.)\) the relation: \(a \leq b\) iff \(a = xb = by\), \(xa = a = ay\) (for some \(x, y, \in S^ 1\)) is a partial order; it can be described as the intersection of two other partial orders \(\leq_ r\) and \(\leq_ \ell\) on \(S\) defined in terms of the extended right- resp. left- regular representation of \(S\) [see: the reviewer, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 97, 384-388 (1986; Zbl 0596.06015)]. Providing appropriate examples the author shows that, in general, \(\leq\), \(\leq_ r\) and \(\leq_ \ell\) are distinct, and proves that they coincide, in particular, if \(S\) is regular. If \(S\) is regular, then \(\leq\) is the natural partial order discovered by Nambooripad and Hartwig in 1980; \(a \nu b\) iff \(a = eb = bf\) (for some \(e, f \in E_ S\)). The equality \(\leq = \nu\) is shown for the wider class of group-bound semigroups. On a general semigroup \(\nu\) need not be a partial order (an example is given); also, a semigroup is constructed for which even the transitive closure of \(\nu\) is strictly contained in \(\leq\). Finally, another partial order on an arbitrary semigroup \(S\) is introduced: if \(S\) is faithfully represented in the regular transformation semigroup \(T_ X\), then \(\leq_ S\) is defined as the restriction of the natural partial order on \(T_ X\) to \(S\). It is shown that \(\leq\) is always contained in \(\leq_ S\), and that \(\leq_ S = \leq\) if \(S\) is regular.