Homoclinic bifurcation with codimension 3 (Q1333941)

This paper is devoted to the Andronov-Leontovitch bifurcation, generated by a two-dimensional autonomous ordinary differential equation. This bifurcation is related to the crossing through a situation giving rise to a loop (separatrix) solution starting from a saddle point and returning to it (homoclinic loop). Here the differential equation depends on a parameter vector \(p\), the saddle point coordinates do not depend on this vector, the sum of its real eigenvalues being equal to zero at the bifurcation. After transformation of the equation, three parameters are defined. The first one \(m\) is related to the negative eigenvalue, the second \(d\) is the distance between the stable manifold and the unstable manifold (which merge at the bifurcation), the third \(t\) depends exponentially on the integral of the eigenvalues half sum (called integral of the divergence). From the definition of these three parameters, depending on \(p\), the bifurcation picture is given and a set of seven theorems establish: -- the existence of two semi-stable-limit-cycle surfaces, the uniqueness both of the three-multiple limit cycle branching curve and of the intersection curves of these two surfaces with any section parallel to the parameter coordinates plane, -- the asymptotic expansions of the bifurcation curves, -- the stability criterion for the homoclinic loop, - - the invariance of the integral of the divergence and the Mel'nikov function for the considered transformation.