Local and global bifurcations with nonhyperbolic equilibria (Q1333967)

This paper concerns a study of local and global bifurcations occurring in a three-dimensional autonomous ordinary differential equation depending on a parameter vector \(p\). With hypotheses of sufficient differentiability, it is supposed that when \(p= 0\) the equation has a nonhyperbolic equilibrium \(P\) (two cases are considered noninvariant coordinates with \(p\), and invariant ones) with one eigenvalue equal to zero, the two others being positive, and a hyperbolic saddle \(Q\). Moreover hypotheses of heteroclinic orbit between \(P\) and \(Q\) are made, with three basic types of codimension one related to saddle-node, transcritical and pitchfork bifurcations. The unfolding of this three- dimensional system is studied, and the bifurcation diagrams identified. The classical singularity theory is used to treat the local bifurcations, and the generalized Mel'nikov function for describing the global heteroclinic bifurcations.