Lyapunov-Schmidt reductions and Melnikov integrals for bifurcation of periodic solutions in coupled oscillators (Q1336333)

This paper studies smooth systems of autonomous ordinary differential equations depending on a small parameter \(\varepsilon\) such that the unperturbed system \((\varepsilon=0)\) has a manifold of periodic solutions. It is concerned with the problem of the determination of sufficient geometric conditions for any of these periodic solutions persists after perturbation \((\varepsilon\neq 0)\). For this aim, the author applies the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction to a displacement function whose zeros correspond to periodic solutions of the system considered, and then identifies the reduced bifurcation function as a generalization of the subharmonic Mel'nikov function. The implementation of these ideas not only provides a generalization of a successful geometric analytic method to a broad class of important multidimensional bifurcation problems, but also offers some new formulas for the reduced bifurcation functions which have proved useful in the applications. In fact, it is one of the main objectives of this paper to specialize the abstract bifurcation function to the concrete bifurcation function for various applications, such as the single forced oscillator, the coupled oscillators, and the mutual synchronization of van der Pol oscillators.