Amenable orders on orthodox semigroups (Q1336459)

From the authors' introduction. ``Let \(S\) be a semigroup. An inverse transversal of a regular semigroup \(S\) is an inverse subsemigroup \(T\) with the property \(| T\cap V(x)|=1\) for every \(x\in S\), where \(V(x)\) denotes the set of inverses of \(x\in S\). We write the unique element of \(T\cap V(x)\) as \(x^ 0\), and \(T\) as \(S^ 0= \{x^ 0\): \(x\in S\}\). Then in \(S\) we have \((x^ 0)^{-1}= x^{00}\). If \(E(S^ 0)\) is the semilattice of idempotents of \(S^ 0\) then the inverse transversal \(S^ 0\) is said to be multiplicative if \(x^ 0 xyy^ 0\in E(S^ 0)\) for all \(x,y\in S\). We show that every cone relative to a multiplicative inverse transversal defines a left-amenable order on \(S\), and that every order is obtained from a cone in this way. [A compatible order \(\leq\) on \(S\) is said to be amenable if \(x\leq y\) implies \(x^{-1} x\leq y^{-1} y\), \((x,y\in S)\)]. In this situation we can define a closure \(\vartheta: Q\to\widetilde {Q}\) on the set of cones that has the property that \(\vartheta\)-equivalent cones define the same left-amenable order. The locally maximal cones (those such that \(Q= \widetilde {Q}\)) are shown to be independent of the inverse transversal chosen, as are the orders that they define. We then prove that the set of locally maximal cones forms an \(\cap\)-semilattice LMC with a smallest element, namely \(E\), and establish an order-preserving bijection from the set LMC to the set of left- amenable orders definable on \(S\). Finally, we show the usefulness of the results by applying them, together with their duals, to a symmetric situation. Specifically, we prove that if \(S\) is an orthodox semigroup that has a multiplicative inverse transversal then \(S\) can be amenably ordered. We also give a description of all the amenable orders definable on \(S\)''.