The existence of \(2\pi\)-periodic solutions for Duffing equation \(\ddot x + g(x(t - \tau ))=p(t)\) with delay (Q1337368)

The authors consider the Duffing equation with delay \[ \ddot x+ g(x(t- \tau))= p(t)= p(t+ 2\pi).\tag{1} \] By using an abstract continuation theorem, they prove two theorems in which the condition imposed on \(g\) are one sided. More precisely, let \(\tau\geq 0\) be a constant, \(p(t)\) be \(2\pi\) periodic, \(\int^{2\pi}_ 0 p(t) dt=0\) and let there exist constants \(M, R>0\) such that either \(g(x)\geq -M\) for \(x\leq -R\); \(xg(x)> 0\) for \(| x|\geq R\); or \(g(x)\leq M\) for \(x\geq R\), \(xg(x)>0\) for \(| x|\geq R\). Then equation (1) has at least one \(2\pi\)-periodic solution.