On \(\eta_{\alpha}\)-groups and fields (Q1337577)

Let \(\kappa= \aleph_ \alpha\). The following are known: two \(\eta_ \alpha\)-sets of power \(\kappa\) are isomorphic. Let \(\alpha> 0\). Two ordered divisible Abelian groups that are \(\eta_ \alpha\)-sets of power \(\kappa\) are isomorphic, two real closed fields that are \(\eta_ \alpha\)-sets of power \(\kappa\) are isomorphic. In section 3, we show that the condition of divisibility (respectively, real closedness) is necessary, by producing \(2^ \kappa\) nonisomorphic ordered Abelian groups (respectively, ordered fields) that are \(\eta_ \alpha\)-sets of power \(\kappa\). Erdős, Gillman and Henriksen raised the question whether the order type characterizes the real closed fields up to isomorphism. The answer was known to be negative, but we even provide \(2^ \kappa\) nonisomorphic ordered divisible Abelian groups (respectively real closed fields) of power \(\kappa\), all having the same order type. Finally, in section 5, we show that the answer to the above question remains negative even if we require the fields (respectively groups) to be \(\eta_ \alpha\)-sets: we construct two nonisomorphic ordered divisible Abelian groups (respectively real closed fields) that are \(\eta_ \alpha\)-sets and have the same order type. More precisely, these are the additive group and the multiplicative group of positive elements of a certain real closed \(\eta_ \alpha\)-field that fails to be an exponential field.