Cones contained in a Banach space and factorization of positive operators defined on its dual with values in a space \(L^ 1\) (Q1340925)

We study the structure of normal cones contained in a Banach space or in its dual. We denote by \(B_ 1\) the unit ball of a Banach space \(B\). Recall that, if \(X\) is a convex cone, contained in a Banach space \(B\), then \(X\) is said to be normal if the set: \{\(x: \exists\;y,z\in B_ 1\) with \(y\leq x\leq z\), for the order determinated by \(X\)\} is bounded. Here are the main results (Constants will be denoted by \(C\)): If \(X\) is a normal cone contained in a Banach space \(B\), then there exists an interval \(I_ X\subset]1,\infty[\), with left end 1, such that for each \(q> 1\) one has: a). \(q\in I_ X\) iff each operator from \(B'\) into a space \(L^ 1\), which is positive on \(X^ o\) (the polar of \(X\)), has a factorization through \(L^ q\). b). \(q\in I_ X\) iff for each finite sequence \(x_ 1',\dots, x_ n'\) in \(B'\), if we set \(h=(\sum^ n_ 1 | x_ i'|^ q)^{1/q}\), then \(\widehat h(x)\leq C\cdot\| x\|\cdot(\sum^ n_ 1\| x_ i'\|^ q)^{1/q}\) for each \(x\in X\), where \(\widehat h\) is the Choquet function given by: \(\widehat h(x)= \inf(f(x): f\in B'\) and \(f\geq h\) on \(X\)). c). If \(q\not\in I_ X\) then for each integer \(n\) there is a sequence \(x_ 1,\dots, x_ n\) in \(X\), with \(\| x_ 1\|=\cdots =\| x_ n\|= 1\), such that: \(\| \sum^ n_ 1 a_ i\cdot x_ i\|\leq C\cdot \|(a_ i)\|_{q'}\) for all \(a_ i\geq 0\), where \(1/q+ 1/q'= 1\) and \(\|\;\|_{q'}\) is the norm in \(\ell^{q'}\). Reciprocally, if some \(q> 1\) satisfies this condition, then, for any \(q_ 1> q\), one has \(q_ 1\not\in I_ X\). d). \(I_ X= \emptyset\) iff, for each integer \(n\), there is a sequence \(x_ 1,\dots, x_ n\) in \(X\), with \(\| x_ 1\|=\cdots= \| x_ n\|= 1\), such that: \(\| \sum^ n_ 1 x_ i\|\leq C\). Condition b) shows a connection with the theory of integral representations since, for each \(x\in X\), \(\widehat h(x)\) depends only on the set of maximal conical measures on \(X\) representing \(x\) in the sense of G. Choquet. Condition c) is an ``intrinsic'' condition: Indeed suppose that \(\widetilde B\) is a Banach space and that \(\widetilde X\subset \widetilde B\) is a normal cone; let \(\varphi\) be an affine bijection between \(X\) and \(\widetilde X\) such that: \(m\cdot\varphi(X_ 1)\subset \widetilde X\cap \widetilde B_ 1\subset M\cdot\varphi(X_ 1)\), where \(X_ 1= X\cap B_ 1\), with \(0< m\leq M< \infty\). Then we have \(I_ X= I_{\widetilde X}\). If \(X= \ell^ p_ +\) or \(L^ p_ +\) then we have \(I_ X= ]1,p']\). If \(X\) has a bounded basis then we have \(I_ X= ]1,\infty[\). Hence we do not always have \(I_ X\subset ]1,2]\). This differs from the case of Banach spaces; hence there is no Dvoretzky theorem for normal cones.